The facial nerve is important because it controls your ability to close your eyes, raise your eyebrows, and smile. Other critical structures near the parotid glands include the external carotid artery , which is a major supplier of blood to the head and neck region, and the retromandibular vein , a branch of the jugular vein. Surgery to treat a parotid gland tumor is called a parotidectomy. It requires great precision because the surgeon has to locate and operate around these important structures.
Learn more about parotidectomy. About the size of a walnut, the submandibular glands are located below the jaw. The saliva produced in these glands is secreted into the mouth from under the tongue. Like the parotid glands, the submandibular glands have two parts called the superficial lobe and the deep lobe. Nearby structures include:. Learn more about submandibular gland cancer surgery. The sublingual glands are the smallest of the major salivary glands.
These almond-shaped structures are located under the floor of the mouth and below either side of the tongue. Learn more about surgery for cancers that begin in the sublingual glands. There are hundreds of minor salivary glands throughout the mouth and the aerodigestive tract.
Unlike the major salivary glands, these glands are too small to be seen without a microscope. Most are found in the lining of the lips, the tongue, and the roof of the mouth, as well as inside the cheeks, nose, sinuses, and larynx voice box. Minor salivary gland tumors are extremely rare. There are many different types of cells that make up the small little parts of the gland that produce saliva and secrete it you can see these different cell types on the diagram.
Because of the variety of cell types, there are many different types of tumors and cancers that can develop in the parotid gland. Additionally, because there are several lymph nodes inside the parotid gland, at times skin cancers over the temple, scalp and cheek areas can spread to this area; additionally, lymphomas can occur in these lymph nodes.
The salivary glands are constantly working, and can be affected by many medical conditions, medications, and even not drinking enough water. Infections and inflammation of the gland can cause it to swell up and become painful. Obstruction of the ducts, which can happen because of salivary stones or narrowing of the duct from infection, can cause the saliva to back up into the gland and lead to it to swelling up as well.
If you would like to know more about the salivary glands, schedule a consultation with parotid surgeon Dr. Larian today by calling At the Center for Advanced Parotid Surgery, our team of medical professionals specializes in performing minimally invasive parotidectomy with a focus on facial nerve preservation and facial reconstruction. It really depends upon exactly what was done during the surgery.
In most cases, a brief hospital stay of four days or less may be required. In many cases, yes. In fact, it is often safer to do the surgeries concurrently because the parotid surgical procedure carefully traces the facial nerve and positions it safely. Doing a facelift at the same time lowers the chance of accidentally damaging this nerve at a later time because of its shifted position.
Depending on the size of the tumor removed, there may be excess skin on one side of the face that will need to be tightened. To maintain facial symmetry, the other side of the face may also need tightening. So a facelift at this time may be an ideal choice. Larian and his team will advice you if a facelift is an option for you. The most common approach to dealing with parotid tumors, even benign ones, is to surgically remove them.
These tumors can grow to abnormal sizes that can disfigure the face. More importantly, even a benign parotid tumor can become cancerous if left alone to grow. There are a number of non-surgical procedures that often help the stones go away without surgery. Bicarbonate secretion is of tremendous importance to ruminants because it, along with phosphate, provides a critical buffer that neutralizes the massive quantities of acid produced in the forestomachs.
Small collecting ducts within salivary glands lead into larger ducts, eventually forming a single large duct that empties into the oral cavity. Most animals have three major pairs of salivary glands that differ in the type of secretion they produce:. The basis for different glands secreting saliva of differing composition can be seen by examining salivary glands histologically. Two basic types of acinar epithelial cells exist:.
Acini in the parotid glands are almost exclusively of the serous type, while those in the sublingual glands are predominantly mucus cells. In the submaxillary glands, it is common to observe acini composed of both serous and mucus epithelial cells. In the histologic sections of canine salivary gland shown above, the cells stained pink are serous cells, while the white, foamy cells are mucus-secreting cells.
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