Why pp for pages

Two of the very common abbreviations for the page are:. If you want to use plural abbreviations, you can use pgs. Generally, you use abbreviations to refer to a particular page, especially for citations. For instance, some researchers write pages as pgs. The abbreviations pp. Besides the reference list in academic writing, these abbreviations can be used in shorthand, note-taking, and personal communication.

So these are the abbreviations for the word page and pages. A lot of people do add 7—8 footnotes, which might be good if they are extremely relevant. However, even so, 2—3 footnotes, which is the average, are more than enough per page.

Footnotes or endnotes are how you give credit to a source in the text itself. Direct quotations. A long quote of several lines should be indented and single-spaced. Footnote or endnote numbers in the text should follow punctuation, and preferably be placed at the end of a sentence.

Even if you put information in your own words by summarizing or paraphrasing, you must still use a footnote just as you would with a direct quotation. All the information required in the footnote for a paraphrased sentence is the same as if you were using a direct quotation.

The period is a strong punctuation mark—think of it as controlling the action in the sentence, which occurs outside the parentheses. When a whole sentence falls inside parentheses, the period goes inside. Correct: Several other courses were offered, but they were not as popular. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Press ESC to cancel. Skip to content Home What PP means? Ben Davis May 31, What PP means?

If a periodical includes a volume number, italicize it and then change to regular type and give the page range without "pp. If the periodical does not use volume numbers, include "pp.

Example: title , pp Use "p. Example: p. If periodical includes a volume number, write the volume number, then a period, then the issue number, and then give the page range without "pp. Walsh University LibAnswers.

Warning: Your browser has javascript disabled. And others Format et al. Compiled or custom textbooks are created to support specific units. Example Jones, T. For the edition of a book Example Ibn Abdulaziz, T. Drugs and life 4th ed. Editor s Format Ed. When a book includes editors rather than authors Example Robinson, D.

No date Format n. Example In-text citation Southey, n. End-text reference Southey, R. The life of Nelson. London, England: Blackie. Ibn Abdulaziz, T. When a book includes editors rather than authors. In-text citation Southey, n. NOTE: For electronic sources without page numbers use: approximate page number p.